Stress response pathways, toxicity pathways and adverse outcome pathways

Pathways of Toxicity

Andre Kleensang 1**, Alexandra Maertens 1**, Michael Rosenberg 2, Suzanne Fitzpatrick , Justin Lamb 4, Scott Auerbach 5, Richard Brennan 6, Kevin M. Crofton 7,a, Ben Gordon 8, Albert J. Fornace Jr. 9, Kevin Gaido 3, David Gerhold 10, Robin Haw 11, Adriano Henney 12, Avi Ma’ayan 13, Mary McBride 2, Stefano Monti 14, Michael F. Ochs 15, Akhilesh Pandey 16, Roded Sharan 17, Rob Stierum 18, Stuart ...

Revised Guidance Document on Developing and Assessing Adverse Outcome Pathways

Apoptosis: from Signalling Pathways to Therapeutic Tools

Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a gene regulated phenomenon which is important in both physiological and pathological conditions. It is characterized by distinct morphological features including chromatin condensation, cell and nuclear shrinkage, membrane blebbing and oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Although, two major apoptotic pathways including 1) the death receptor (extrinsic) and...

Molecular Pathways Molecular Pathways: Involvement of ImmunePathways in the Therapeutic Response and Outcome in Breast Cancer

The immune system could mediate the antitumor activity of several anticancer treatments. Several chemotherapy compounds, including anthracyclines and oxaliplatin, induce immunogenic cell death that in turn activates antitumor immune response. Trastuzumab induces antibody-dependant cell-mediated cytotoxicity.On the basis of this background, immune markers have recently been the focus of intense ...

Adverse Outcome Pathways-Organizing Toxicological Information to Improve Decision Making.

The number of chemicals for which environmental regulatory decisions are required far exceeds the current capacity for toxicity testing. High-throughput screening commonly used for drug discovery has the potential to increase this capacity. The adverse outcome pathway (AOP) concept has emerged as a framework for connecting high-throughput toxicity testing (HTT) and other results to potential im...